In Biblical times there were people here. As Mayor Naheed Nenshi said in 2018, "There have always been people here. The area has been inhabited by the multiple First Nations, the Niitsitapi (Blackfoot Confederacy Siksika, Kainai, Piikani), îyârhe Nakoda, the Tsuutʼina peoples and Métis Nation, Region 3. The Calgary area was inhabited by pre- Clovis people whose presence traces back at least 11,000 years.
History įor a chronological guide, see Timeline of Calgary history. In 2017, the Stoney Nakoda sent an application to the Government of Alberta, to rename Calgary as Wichispa Oyade meaning "elbow town" however, this was challenged by the Piikani Blackfoot. In response to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada, local post-secondary institutions adopted "official acknowledgements" of Indigenous territory using the Blackfoot name of the city, Mohkínstsis. There have been several attempts to revive the Indigenous names of Calgary. In the Slavey language, the area is known as Klincho-tinay-indihay meaning "many horse town", referring to the Calgary Stampede and the city's settler heritage. In Kutenai language, the city is referred to as ʔaknuqtapȼik’. In the Tsuutʼina language (Sarcee), the area is known as Guts’ists’i (older orthography, Kootsisáw) meaning "elbow". In the Cree language, the area is known as otôskwanihk ( ᐅᑑᐢᑿᓂᕽ) meaning "at the elbow" or otôskwunee meaning "elbow". In the Nakoda or Stoney language, the area is known as Wîchîspa Oyade or Wenchi Ispase, both meaning "elbow". The shorter form of the Blackfoot name, Mohkínsstsisi, simply meaning "elbow", is the popular Indigenous term for the Calgary area. In the Blackfoot language (Siksiká) the area is known as Mohkínstsis akápiyoyis, meaning "elbow many houses", reflecting its strong settler presence. In some cases, the area was named after the reeds that grew along the riverbanks, reeds that had been used to fashion bows. The Indigenous peoples of Southern Alberta refer to the Calgary area as "elbow", in reference to the sharp bend made by the Bow River and the Elbow River. The town of Calgary, such as it is, has a large meadow to its east and this meadow leads to Calgary beach. The first possibility, "beach of the meadow", has some relevance to local geography. A competing, though less attested, etymology cites the Gaelic Cala ghearraidh, which means "beach of the meadow (or pasture)", or Gaelic for either "clear running water" or "bay farm". This was likely used by the Vikings who inhabited the Inner Hebrides. The Scottish Calgary, in turn, originates from a compound of kald and gart, Old Norse words, meaning "cold" and "garden". In 1876, shortly after returning to Canada, he suggested its name for what became Fort Calgary. Colonel James Macleod, the Commissioner of the North-West Mounted Police, had been a frequent summer guest there. In 1988, it became the first Canadian city to host the Olympic Winter Games.Ĭalgary was named after Calgary Castle on the Isle of Mull in Scotland. In 2022, Calgary was ranked alongside Zürich as the third most livable city in the world, ranking first in Canada and in North America. In 2015, Calgary had the largest number of millionaires per capita of any major Canadian city. The Calgary Metropolitan Region is home to Canada's second-largest number of corporate head offices among the country's 800 largest corporations. Ĭalgary's economy includes activity in the energy, financial services, film and television, transportation and logistics, technology, manufacturing, aerospace, health and wellness, retail, and tourism sectors. The city anchors the south end of the Statistics Canada-defined urban area, the Calgary–Edmonton Corridor. As of 2021, the city proper had a population of 1,306,784 and a metropolitan population of 1,481,806, making it the third-largest city and fifth-largest metropolitan area in Canada.Ĭalgary is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the southwest of the province, in the transitional area between the Rocky Mountain Foothills and the Canadian Prairies, about 80 km (50 mi) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies, roughly 299 km (186 mi) south of the provincial capital of Edmonton and approximately 240 km (150 mi) north of the Canada–United States border. It is the largest city in Alberta and the largest metro area within the three Prairie Provinces region. Calgary ( / ˈ k æ l ɡ ər i/ ( listen) KAL-gər-ee locally: KAL-gree) is a city in the Canadian province of Alberta.
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